Impact of Agricultural Trade liberalization on Poverty in...

Impact of Agricultural Trade liberalization on Poverty in Latin America Historically the agricultural sector has been an important sector for the economies of Latin America because of this the issue of global agricultural trade liberalization has been a hotly contested issue. Some suggest it may harm Latin American countries and increase poverty by opening up the sector to foreign competition from more technological advanced nations. Others have argued that it will increase economic competitiveness and reduce poverty by promoting an increase in exports, job creation and by improving economic productivity in the sector. Research into this question suggests that global agricultural trade liberalization may reduce poverty overall in Latin†¦show more content†¦For example, many have observed that the decline of agricultural sector in the US signalled the rise an urban industrial society seen today. Furthermore, some studies estimate that the agricultural sector is 3.2 times better at reducing poverty when compared to other sectors of the economy w hen the size of the sector is considered (Christiaensen, Demery, Kuhl, 2011). This may be due to the high levels of participation of the extreme poor in agricultural industries (Christiaensen et al., 2011). Growth in the agricultural sector is also known to have significant spillover effects into other sectors of the economy and to disproportionately benefit the poorest citizens in many cases (Valdà ©s, Foster, 2010). All this is relevant to Latin America due its relatively large agricultural sector and its longstanding struggle with poverty that dates back many decades. Latin America is known for its high level of inequality and high rates of poverty. For example, in the 1980s the poor made up 19% of the continents population (Cardoso, Helwege, 1992) with roughly 8% living on a dollar a day (Anderson, Cockburn, Martin, 2011). Although poverty has declined in recent years many governments are still grappling with this issue and research shows many Latin American nations benefiting from a global liberalization of agricultural trade. Brazil is a Latin American country that is often cited as being perfectlyShow MoreRelatedFree trade and Agriculture in the Global South 1491 Words   |  6 Pagespositively affected by the trade agreements established by both the WTO and Fair Trade system; specifically the banana and coffee farmers. The governments role was to liberalize trade by reducing tariffs and they initiated this by introducing GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs). This was an agreement between countries that slowly expanded to include countries. Agricultural Trade was left out of the GATT due to the U.S. and European Union banana war. This is a trade dispute between the USRead MoreUsa Is The Leader Of The World Economy2261 Words   |  10 PagesStates.†¨ Globalization of the economy of the United States has become one of the growing phenomena, having an increasingly large impact on the socio-economic development of the US, over the last few decades. It has been studied in much more detail si nce the 1960’s by economists all over the world. In order to understand the influence of the globalization of free trade, it is important to understand its purpose and how it works.†¨ The unprecedented economic and technological changes of recent decadesRead MoreInternational Trade Is The Exchange Of Goods And Services Between Countries Essay1810 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Æ' International Trade â€Å"International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events.† In this week’s assignment, I will present the importance of trade in the world and how it has changed over the past decades with details surrounding the five main reasons for international trade. International trade has existed in theory, forever as people have tradedRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economies Of Developing Nations2094 Words   |  9 Pagessituations supports the positive effect of globalization and openness in trade for developing nation’s economic growth, whereas some theorists disagree to the long term gains of liberalization in trade on country’s economy. Staring from this general perception of economists on liberalization of trade, the purpose of this article is to put more thoughts on â€Å"The Importance of Trade in Stimulating the Economies of Developing Nations† Trade policy for developing nations: There has been a drastic increase toRead MoreSocioeconomic Aftermath Of The Crisis1883 Words   |  8 Pagespre-crisis the year prior (Pereznieto, 15). In the formal sector, over a million people lost their job, real wages decreased by 13.5%, and overall household incomes plummeted by 30% (Pereznieto, 15). Extreme poverty in Mexico grew to 37% in 1996 from 21% in 1994 (Pereznieto, 16). The growing poverty in Mexico also impacted urban areas more than rural areas (Pereznieto, 15). Urbanites relied on a healthy labor market, good access to credit, and on consumer goods, which consumer price inflation and a tighteningRead MoreThe informal economy2282 Words   |  10 Pagesthat have improved over time as Robert believes a difference in the taxed-economy and the non- taxed economy, displaying employment for frictional workers, investment and consumption over the business cycles, and how this economy has a freedom to trade. There is a contrast between what is the difference between formal and informal sectors when fallen under the category of regulation. According to Neuwirth, the formal economy includes reported payroll items, income taxes, employee taxes and any otherRead MoreNafta And The United Atlantic Free Trade Agreement2582 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction In 1990, Mexico approached the US with a trade agreement to improve the Mexican economy through a bilateral agreement that would benefit both parties (Villarreal 1-3). Negotiations birthed the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), in 1994, which included three countries - Mexico, America, and Canada. Since its inception, NAFTA has played an instrumental role in improving the economy of its member states (Thompson 121). Using this agreement, Mexico aimed to attract foreign investmentsRead MoreA Model Of Sustained Economic Growth1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthe product of the alternation of numerous agents and this literature will provide insights to reasons for variations in Gdp growth during the recessionary period(2008-2013) in Europe while investigating the optimising agents which had significant impact on Gdp growth rate. The Solow growth(1956) hypothesis looked for the determinants of sustainable economic development in per capita gross domestic product. The model recognize d three principal drivers of long term development ie: Increase in collectionRead MoreThe Health Of A Health Care System1892 Words   |  8 Pagesdisparity in many countries is that of poverty. Poverty is characterized by three main components: economic and social exclusion because of a person’s gender or culture, limited access to basic services and third, family income levels that fall under the minimum required to receive basic necessities. According to a statistic expressed by UNICEF, â€Å"Around the year 2000, the proportion of the Latin American and Caribbean populations in a situation of extreme poverty amount to 18.5 percent of the totalRead MoreLatin America, Overview of Economy, Business and Challenges2519 Words   |  11 PagesLatin America An Overview of Economy, Business and Challenges Introduction Latin America suffered during the years of 1980-1990 with political instability and low growth rates. Nowadays the situation is different, the region is improving towards economic stability and grater democracy, however the reforms performed during the last decade are still incomplete. High rates of poverty and bad income distribution remain as the main problems of the region. The last few years has shown that Latin

Water Scarcity - 655 Words

Essay’s topic: Water scarcity is one of the key environmental issue of our time. Identify some major causes of water scarcity and describe two solutions. Water plays an important role in developing and maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, water scarcity is an increasing and widespread phenomenon in many countries in the world. Water scarcity refers to either the lack of enough water or lack of access to safe water. The shortage of water is turning out to be more pressing than prediction. This essay will identify some major causes of water scarcity and specifically focus on the solutions of enhancing water stewardship and protecting wetlands. The first major cause of water scarcity is overpopulation. The rapid growth of population†¦show more content†¦Efficient and effective water management is necessary. Government and the authorities should be responsible for protecting freshwater sources. In addition to that, new laws and regulations about preserving water should be ratified by legislators and helpful methods for sustainable water use should be promoted. Moreover, it is important for countries to expand co-operation with some international organizations in order to take advantage of opportunities to improve water management systems. Protecting wetlands is another approach to halt the process of water shortage. Wetlands are an important part of the national heritage. They provide human not only natural resources, but also water resources. Therefore, programs and projects need to be established and encouraged to be carried out in order to effectively protect wetlands. Besides that, all citizens can help protect wetlands by supporting wetlands conservation initiatives. Water scarcity has become a serious issue for the Earth. The rapidly increasing world population and water pollution have immensely contributed to the situation. There is an urgent need to solve this problem by enhancing water management and preserving wetlands. If the solutions mentioned above are taken into consideration and appropriately applied, water scarcity may be halted. Reference: The Water Project, â€Å"Water scarcity: The importance of water amp; access† , lt;http://thewaterproject.org/water_scarcity.php#.UTQPJTdIOuAgt;. FAOShow MoreRelatedWater Scarcity Problem Of Water1477 Words   |  6 PagesWater is everyone in the world and this is the major reason why many individuals never think about the limited supply of water. People presume that the water supply is infinite. The common saying â€Å"you do not know what you have until it is gone† rings true. Never having to worry about possessing fresh drinking water on a daily basis has caused many individuals to never question where the water is coming from or how much water is left. Due to the simple fact that water covers a majority of the earthRead MoreWater Scarcity614 Words   |  3 Pages* Water is a natural resource of the utmost importance; nothing on earth can survive without it. Aside from drinking, water is used for agriculture, cooking, bathing, cleaning, industrial purposes and sanitation. When the demand for water exceeds its supply for an extended period of time, scientists refer to the situation as water stress. This serious issu e leads to lower quantity and quality of freshwater resources. While most causes are human-related, others are uncontrollable. Population Growth Read MoreWater Scarcity Is A Shortage Of Water1373 Words   |  6 Pagesmost severe threat we face today is a shortage of water†, a statement that sounds too absurd to be believed, but is it? How can we run out of water? Earth, is titled the â€Å"Blue Planet† due to the high water level presence on its surface. However 97.5% of that water is salt seawater that is unusable by people or in day-to-day tasks (International Desalination Association, 2015). Earth is running out of fresh water and offers only 0.26% of fresh water resources to utilize and suffice peoples’ needs (InternationalRead MoreWater Scarcity Of Water Shortage1100 Words   |  5 Pages Water Scarcity Maria Luna Arizona State University Planet earth is made up of seventy percent of water and thirty percent of territorial land. Of that seventy percent, ninety-seven percent is salt water, meaning only three percent is drinkable water. Accounting for that three percent, only one percent is surface water; the other two percent is ground water. Most of the surface water is unusable due to agriculture runoff; industrial trash is a great deal of surface water that hasRead MoreWater Scarcity Of Water Pollution1215 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Water is typically refers to a colorless and transparent liquid that forms the world’s streams, lakes, seas, oceans and rain. It is chemically composed of one atom of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, known as (H20). The name. In addition, water is life because it is the major part of the fluids of all living things. www.ecomena.org Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water recourses to meet the demands of water usage within a region. Although the scarcity water is not a problemRead MoreWater Scarcity And Water Pollution2066 Words   |  9 PagesA Basic Necessity Introduction The amount of available fresh water is very limited in Benin, Africa. Much of this is a result of under urbanization, at one end of the spectrum, and poor government and infrastructure, at the other end. The population of Benin is roughly 10,160,556. It is estimated that each individual produces about 77 pounds of excrement and 132 gallons of urine a year (George 2008). This is â€Å"waste† that is typically flushed down a toilet and into a sewer system. However, this isRead MoreThe Scarcity Of Clean Water2417 Words   |  10 Pagesindividuals regardless of monetary stature, religion or race (Spronk, 2014) Access to clean water should be a human right because without water there would be no human life on this planet. However, not every human is blessed with the access to clean water. Moreover, the lack of clean water is transforming from a limitation to an enormous threat (Spronk, 2014). Therefore, this paper will look into the water war that happened in Bolivia, and other L atin American countries such as Argentina, and shineRead MoreThe Problem of Water Scarcity1549 Words   |  7 Pages Water Scarcity is harmful to human life because when water is poorly managed throughout the world, those who need water are deprived of nutrients they truly need causing them to die. This eventually affects the global population. Therefore many experts have proposed several solutions such as the LifeSaver Bottle, TrojanUVPhox treatment system, and Waste Water Recycling. The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that withinRead MoreThe Problem Of Water Scarcity1086 Words   |  5 Pagesto know the causes of water scarcity and solutions to make a difference in preventing. I chose this genre piece because I have grown up in Tanzania, where a small part of the country has water scarcity. Furthermore, Jamaica, Qatar and Ethiopia are some of the countries which has increased the lack of water. All in all, it is everyone and every country responsibility to save our Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.

Buddhism and Christianity Free Essays

Buddhist and Christians are among the world’s larges religions. They are characterized by different teachings and practices that they observe. They both have different origins and beliefs that form part of their structures. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism and Christianity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two characteristics that I am going to look at are: the ethical teachings of both Christians and Buddhists and their religious scriptures. Ethical teachings: Ethics is one of the issues which stand out among the teachings of both religions. The two religions emphasize on the need for proper ethics through believes, practices and worship. Despite the emphasis that they both put on ethics, differences emerge between the two in their theoretical and practical aspects. There are several areas in which the differences can be evident such as: their ideas concerning sin, the notion and model of ethics together with the codes of ethics. Sin: in both religions, human beings are regarded as sinful beings. Sin is the basis of religious doctrines and without it: it is possible that ethical religious believes could not be there. According to both religions, human beings are characterized by sin, imperfection and guilty. It is only through moral religious principles that one can be made pure and perfect. The births of both Buddha and Christ were good news to both the Buddhist and Christians respectively. Jesus was born to bring salvation and love from God while Buddha was born to bring the message of wisdom and compassionate to mankind as well as show them the path to enlightenment (King, P. 3). Christians believe that all human beings are connected to the first sin in the Garden of Eden by the first parents: Adam and Eve. This sin has over the years been passed down from one generation to the other. This story explains the origin of sin which according to the story was human disobedience to God. Therefore, Adam and Eve went against God’s wishes when they decided to ignore the orders He had given them of not eating the fruit they ate. Because God is perceived as a model for perfect ethics, then going against his wishes will be the same as sinning. Therefore, according to Christians, sin is not only the original sin that has been passed down though generations but also the heart’s disobedience in following or practicing the divine morals, ethical codes and spirit. Hence the base of Christian ethics is not only believing in Christ but also living according to his teachings (Locke, P. 237). In Buddhism, there is no that kind of â€Å"original sin† as in Christianity. They instead believe that every individual is born of craving and ignorance which results to human beings being born in a cycle referred to as samsara: a birth and death cycle. It is only through enlightenment that an individual can overcome craving and ignorance. According to Buddha’s personal experiences, sin is originally caused by impunity, bad karmas and imperfection: there is no any other source. In the Buddhist structure, it is believed that sin originates from oneself and can therefore be overcome by oneself. Therefore, the basis of Buddhist’s ethical teachings is the mind: that sin originates from the mind and can only be overcome by the mind (Smart, p. 77). Model and ethical notion: both Christianity and Buddhism take the perfect model of ethics to be an important aspect of religious morality. Ethical teachings of both religion focus on Christ and Buddha because both of their lives were full of noble virtues and love that cannot be compared with any other. These models are the foundations of both religions although there are different ideas concerning ethics between them (Locke, P. 237). For Christians, love (agape) is the basis of moral life which is shown clearly in the life and teachings of Christ as well as in the bible. They believe that God is love and it is what constitutes his heart. Therefore, it is through his grace and forgiveness of human sins that ethical values can be cultivated in individuals and salvation can be attained. Christian moral standards are basically established on sin, forgiveness, belief and the love of God. They also believe that belief must go with actions: a Christian can best be recognized by his/her deeds as compared to what he/she says. Contrary to the Christians, Buddhist morality is not based upon the power or the life of Buddha but instead it is based upon his teachings about â€Å"cause and effects†. They believe that an individual’s positive or negative attitude is determined by his/her actions and thoughts. Buddha taught people to: â€Å"make an island of yourself, make yourself your refuge; there is no other refuge. Make truth your island, make truth your refuge; there is no other refuge,† (King, P. 3) Therefore, in both religions: human beings are perceived to be sinful. The mind’s purity is perceived to be the basic step in ethics through which suffering and impunity which has been created in individuals can be overcome. If the overall aim is transformation from the evil nature to divine: then Christians could achieve it through uniting with Christ while Buddhist could achieve the same by observing Buddhahood. Religious scriptures: According to the interviews I conducted with a Christian and a Buddhist leader, I found out the following about their religious scriptures: Teachings concerning God: conservative Buddhists’ scriptures teach nothing about existence of God. It does not affirm or deny existence of God and does not state who is divine not even Gautama himself. Liberal ones do not put emphasis on this concept but they pay homage to Buddha, Buddhist teachers, deities and ancestors. They worship using images, bow before them, give offerings to them, chant and pray to them. Although earlier Buddhism did not recognize Buddha to be omniscient, they now consider him and other teachers to be omniscience. Contrary to Buddhist scripture teachings, Christians refer to the bible that teaches them that God exists. It states that the fact that there is a universe is an indication that there is a God somewhere. Psalm 19:1 – â€Å"The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament showeth his handiwork. † Romans 1:20 – Though God is invisible, His power and divinity can be seen through the things that are made. The only way the universe could exist is because there is a supernatural being powerful and wiser than anybody else (Scott, p. 87). Purpose of religion: The purpose of religion was to better man’s relationship with God. Buddhism scriptures do not teach anything about God while the bible teaches that the whole purpose of humanity is to serve and have a better relationship with Christ. Ecclesiastes 12:13 – The whole duty of man is to fear God and keep his commands. Ephesians 1:7-9 – The will and purpose of God was to redeem man by the forgiveness of sins through the blood of Jesus. Teaching about a true and supreme God: Buddhism teachings allow for worship of many gods while the biblical teachings forbid the worship of more than one God. Matthew 4:10 – â€Å"Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him ONLY shalt thou serve. † We are not to worship many gods, nor any god other than Jehovah [2 Corinthians 6:18; Colossians 1:19-22]. Destiny of man: Buddhist scriptures teach about reincarnation (rebirth), Karma which teaches that the future lives are influenced by current actions and that what happens currently is the result of previous actions and nirvana which teaches that the ultimate purpose of man is to get out of the birth and rebirth cycle characterized by suffering. While the bible teaches that: an individual only lives once and physically dies once after which there will be resurrection, judgment and eternal rewards. 1 Corinthians 15:22, 23 – All die as a result of Adam’s sin; as a result of Jesus, all live again. Resurrection is the opposite of death; hence the spirit is reunited with the body. Matthew 25:31-46 – The wicked go to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life. Buddhist scriptures do not teach about death and resurrection (Scott, p. 87). Suffering: Buddhist scriptures teach that suffering is essential in life, it’s brought about by human desires and they can be eliminated by getting rid of earthly desires by not wanting to exist as an individual. The bible teachings teach that suffering is part of life; it is a consequence of sin physical desires are neither good nor bad, it depends on how you seek to satisfy them, an individual’s desire to exist is not bad and it’s through trust in God that you can be able to overcome suffering and not through defeating yourself. The Buddhist teaching of not to desire to be an individual can be considered to blasphemy God’s work by Christians. Works cited King, L. Winston. Buddhism and Christianity: Some Bridges of Understanding. Taylor and Francis. 2008, p. 3. Locke, A. Kenneth, â€Å"The Foundation for Ethical Behavior: A Christian perspective for a dialogue with Buddhism,† Hsi Lai Journal of Humanistic Buddhism 3 (2002): 327. Scott, Archibald. Buddhism and Christianity; A Parallel and a Contrast, Being the Croall Lectures for 1889-90. General Books LLC. (2009): p. 87. Smart, Ninian. Buddhism and Christianity: rivals and allies. University of Hawaii Press. (1993): p. 77. How to cite Buddhism and Christianity, Papers

Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models

Question: Discuss about the Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Answer: Data analysis using regression The data analysis has been a comprehensive way for performing the analysis using the linear as well as the nonlinear regression and the multilevel models. (Gelman et al., 2006). This is able to instruct the reader to fit in the R software implementation with properly working on the causal inference, with the regression post stratification, matching, regression discontinuity and the other instrumental variables. (Guo et al., 2015). This helps in analyzing the multilevel logistic regression and the missing data imputation that has been set to put and built the fitting to properly provide the understanding of the throughput. (Kabacoff, 2015). The data analysis is accessible through illustrating the graphical displays which appears to adorn to the shelves to the applied statisticians and the social scientists. For this, the focus has been on the Bayesian Data Analysis which gets into the serious modelling for setting the problem which leads to the common knowledge and static modelling. ( Harell, 2015). For the statistical modelling, there have been relationships which include the modeling as well the analysis of the variables that have been set for the dependent and the independent variables. (Montgomery et al., 2015). Compare Chen-Zhang(2010) model with Fama-French Three factor model The Chen-Zhang Three Tier Model has been mainly the market factor, with the investments and the return-on-assets which is able to work on the cross-sectional area variation with the expected stock returns. (Ott et al., 2015). There have been outperformance traditional asset pricing models to properly explain the associated short term returns with the financial distress and the net stock issues. The performance of the model is based on expected return estimates that have been in the practice. (Newcomer et al., 2015). There have been positive relations of the average returns with the short term prior returns and the earning with the negative relations to handle the financial distress. The motivation is based on handling the market sensitivity along with market excess return where there have been difference in the return on the high investment of the stocks and the difference on the portfolio stocks with the higher returns. (Chatterijee et al., 2015). Where these values are for the expected returns and for the factor loadings from the regression portfolio. There are different issues which relate to the net stock, growth of the assets, earnings which are related to the outperformance of the model. (Faraway, 2016). The traditional asset pricing models is based on capturing the effects by a larger margin. Fama-French Three Factor model is designed for the description of the stock returns with the focus on the size of the company, price to book ratio as well as the marketing risk structure. (Fox, 2015). The tradition assets of the pricing model are important for properly handling the portfolio or the stocks of the market. (Martina et al., 2015). This is mainly to handle the small caps and the stocks which has a lower price to the booking ratio with the focus on the portfolio management. (Welten et al., 2016). The reflection has been set on focusing over: Here the r is the portfolio that has an expected rate of return with the Rf mainly for the risk free return rate and Km for the return of market portfolio. (Buck et al., 2016). There have been small market stands to handle the HML High minus Low for measuring the historic excess returns of the small caps. (Nakamura et al., 2015). The factors are related to the BIM ranking and the cap ranking to access the determined linear regressions and can hold the negative and positive values of the system. The diversified portfolio return is to take hold of the book-to-market ratio and the related ratio which examine the size of the returns. (Maniatis, 2016). R Code czm { temp1 temp2 inputXwithTime averageInputX averageY1 averageY2 modWithTime diagXX offdiagXX VecOffdiagXX averageY3 averageY4 Tn1 Tn2 VCZ rej2 if (VCZ qnorm(1 - signiLevel, 0, 1)) {rej2 return(list(NewStat = VCZ, New = rej2)) } temp1 temp2 Z inputX results fftfm { temp1 temp2 inputXwithTime averageInputX averageY1-(sum(inputXwithTime) - averageInputX*temp1)/(temp1*(temp1 - 1)) averageY2-(sum(inputXwithTime^2) - sum(diag(inputXwithTime^2)))/(temp1*(temp1 - 1)) modWithTime diagXX offdiagXX VecOffdiagXX averageY3-(sum(modWithTime)-sum(diag(modWithTime))-2*sum(diagXX*VecOffdiagXX))/(temp1*(temp1 - 1)*(temp1 - 2)) averageY4-((temp1*(temp1 - 1)*averageY1)^2 - 2*temp1*(temp1 - 1)*averageY2 - 4*temp1*(temp1 - 1)*(temp1 - 2)*averageY3)/(temp1*(temp1 - 1)*(temp1 - 2)*(temp1 - 3)) Tn1 Tn2 UCZ rej2 if (UCZqnorm(1 - signiLevel, 0, 1)) {rej2 return(list(NewStat=UCZ, New=rej2)) } temp1 temp2 Z inputX results References Gelman, A., Hill, J. (2006).Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge University Press. Kabacoff, R. (2015).R in action: data analysis and graphics with R. Manning Publications Co.. Harrell, F. (2015).Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis. Springer. Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A., Vining, G. G. (2015).Introduction to linear regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Ott, R. L., Longnecker, M. T. (2015).An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Nelson Education. Newcomer, K. E., Hatry, H. P., Wholey, J. S. (2015).Handbook of practical program evaluation. John Wiley Sons. Chatterjee, S., Hadi, A. S. (2015).Regression analysis by example. John Wiley Sons. Gelman, A. (2015). Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models, version 1.8-4, 2015. Faraway, J. J. (2016).Extending the linear model with R: generalized linear, mixed effects and nonparametric regression models(Vol. 124). CRC press. Fox, J. (2015).Applied regression analysis and generalized linear models. Sage Publications. Welten, C. C., Koeter, M. W., Wohlfarth, T. D., Storosum, J. G., van den Brink, W., Gispen-de Wied, C. C., ... Denys, D. A. (2016). Does Insight Affect the Efficacy of Antipsychotics in Acute Mania?: An Individual Patient Data Regression Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical psychopharmacology,36(1), 71-76. Nakamura, R., Suhrcke, M., Jebb, S. A., Pechey, R., Almiron-Roig, E., Marteau, T. M. (2015). Price promotions on healthier compared with less healthy foods: a hierarchical regression analysis of the impact on sales and social patterning of responses to promotions in Great Britain.The American journal of clinical nutrition,101(4), 808-816. Maniatis, P. (2016). Factors affecting the long-term interest rate and its duration of the European Central Bank: an econometric analysis using regression with life data.International Journal of Applied Nonlinear Science,2(3), 153-183.] Martina, R., Kay, R., van Maanen, R., Ridder, A. (2015). The analysis of incontinence episodes and other count data in patients with overactive bladder by Poisson and negative binomial regression.Pharmaceutical statistics,14(2), 151-160. Guo, S., Fraser, M. W. (2015). Propensity score analysis.Statistical methods and applications,12. Buck, J. A., Underhill, P. R., Morelli, J., Krause, T. W. (2016, February). Analysis of pulsed eddy current data using regression models for steam generator tube support structure inspection. In42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: Incorporating the 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE(Vol. 1706, p. 090005). AIP Publishing.

Quizzes week Essay Example

Quizzes week Essay When Sam thought about open Eng a foreign car repair shop n Phoenix, he researched all of the firms in the area before deciding on a local Zion. He also analyzed their capabilities and found articles about many of them in terms of their capability sees, strengths, and weaknesses. Secondary data 5 Which of the following elements of socio cultural environment can be associate De with the growing demand for social surrogates like social networking sites, television, and so on? Views of others 6 Which strategy does this exemplify? Kayak and Orbits provide their customers with a variety of travel options including flight reservations, vacation packages, flight and hotel option s with or without car rentals, and cruise offerings. Differentiation 7 A companys sales potential would be equal to market potential when which s tuitions exists? The company gets 100 percent share of the market. 8 Which of the following statements demonstrates behavioral loyalty towards a brand? Always buy My Favorite Laundry detergent when purchasing laundry detergent NT. 9 In the U. S. Consumer expenditures on homes and other large purchases tend to slow down during a recession because the consumers have a high debilitation ratio 10 During the holidays, companies Often provide gifts to customers. The more a client spends, the larger the gift, usually. To segment customers in this way, for what purpose is this data being mined? To deepen customer loyalty 11 Cost is able to keep its inventory expenditure relatively low through its man au gment technology and cuttings pointless inventory management technology. As a result, Cost o is able to pass these savings on to consumers in the form of low prices. We will write a custom essay sample on Quizzes week specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quizzes week specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quizzes week specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This strategy is best descried bed as overall cost leadership 12 Which of the following industries is most likely to use database marketing? A supermarket chain 13 Which market do customers who have purchased and are driving Audio automat bobbles represent? Penetrated market 14 When Apple introduced tunes, a new market was opened. Which of the follow wing describes this type Of innovation? Value capture 15 The Soccer World Cup is promoted aggressively to both companies and fans. This is an example of marketing a(n) event 16 Which of the following is correct about marketing management? It occurs when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the me mans of achieving desired responses from other parties. 17 Marketing is considered both an art and a science. How do the ups, or market Eng mix, help us bridge the gap between art and science? Marketing balances the need for data with that of creativity. 18 By 201 5, projections indicate that the largest category of households will be c imposed of childless married couples and empty nesters week 2 1 . How many primary groups does VALS classify U. S. Adults into based on per seasonality traits and key demographics? Eight 2 Which group is experiencing the fastest population growth today? Hispanic Americans When purchasing, in which state does the consumer set a minimum acceptable e cutoff level for each attribute and then makes a buying decision? Conjunctive heuristic 4 When searching for a supplier, which of the following provides the broadest r each of possible suppliers in todays competitive market environment? Internet Which market is known as the invisible market segment? Asian American Which of the following is known as the process of creating a segment storybook rd to test the attractiveness of each segment? Segment acid test Which of the following is known in marketing as attributes of a product or seer vice that may not be unique to the product Or service? Pianofortes What is the second stage of the consumer buying process? Information search 9 Which other criteria helps make up the three criteria for a successful brand m intra: inspire, simplify, and communicate Which term describes the diverse needs of many ethnic market segments? Multicultural marketing Which of the following marketing strategies does not concentrate on recognize ins differences in customers needs in the organization? Undifferentiated Which of the following do brand mantras attempt to define? Points of difference to other brands Which of the following is a tool a company uses to position its brands attribute sees in the minds of those in the organization? Brand positioning bulls eye Which of the following tools do marketers use to visually illustrate how cons mere view products or services on multivariate? Perceptua l mapping Which other dimension is the VALS classification system based on besides con summer motivation? Consumer resources What other dimension helps market segments be measurable, substantial, AC accessible, and differentiable? Actionable Which other factor does an organizations marketing strategy focus on: seem notation, targeting and positioning 18 In behavioral segmentation, a product or service is grouped by which other did mention besides knowledge of, attitude toward, and use of? Response to 9 Which of the following is used to determine a competitive frame of reference for brands to compete against other brands due to their closeness as substitutes? Category membership 20 Which of the following do marketers use to give consumers a special reason f or them to purchase a product or service? Value proposition 21 Which of the following would consumers associate closely with a brand? Offensivenesss Quiz Week 3 Quiz Week 4 Which type of distribution relies on some intermediaries willing to carry a part ocular product? Selective distribution What type of system does a firm employ to decide about the most critical decide ions management faces? Marketing channel system 3. What is the practice that allows companies to maximize their market share by believing a higher sales volume will lead to lower unit costs and higher longhorn profit while assuming the market price is sensitive? Impersonations pricing 4. Which marketing system is another channel development in which two or MO re companies put together resources to exploit an emerging market opportunity? Horizontal marketing system 5. When companies estimate the demand and costs associated with alternative prices, they will choose the price that produces maximum current profit 6. What is a simple way to engage in international marketing? Licensing What type of marketing system includes the producer, wholesaler(s), and rate leer(s) acting as a unified system? Vertical marketing system 8. What type of deal takes place when the seller receives some percentage of the e payment in cash and the rest in products? Compensation deal 9. What is an ultimate form of foreign involvement? Direct ownership 10. What type of marketing channel consists of an independent producer, wholes ale(s), and retailer(s)? Conventional marketing system What takes place when dealers purchase some or all of a product line? If Line forcing 12. When a seller agrees to accept partial payment of products manufactured wit h the supplied equipment it is called free trade agreements buyback arrangement 13. When the number of intermediaries are severely limited, this means an exclusive distribution 14. What type of distribution places the goods or services in as many outlets as p Seibel? Intensive distribution 15. Which companies have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm? Purulence companies 16. Which strategy uses the manufacturers advertising, promotion, and other for ms of communication to persuade consumers? Pull strategy 17. Companies are pursuing which objective when they start with prices high and slowly drop them over time? Market skimming 18. What mode Of entry is it when local and foreign investors share ownership an d control? Joint venture 19. Which strategy is appropriate when there is low brand loyalty in a category an d brand choice is made in the store? Push strategy 20. What form describes a buyer and seller directly exchanging goods with no MO nee and no third party involved? Barter 21. Which agreements are not necessarily illegal, but they do violate U. S. Law if the eye tend to lessen competition substantially? Tying agreements Quiz Week 5 Mountain Dew is a brand known for sponsorships of adventure events such a s snowboarding and skateboarding competitions. What is the most likely objective of Mountain De was sponsorship of these events? To create perceptions of key brand image associations 2. In order to help anticipate public relations crises its important to think about the possible events that could occur and the appropriate management response. This is often referrer d to as imagining the worst is based on the premise that marketers can no longer use interruption marker ting via mass media campaigns.

Tri-State Comparision essays

Tri-State Comparision essays Tri-State Comparision The State of Missouri is very comparable to the majority of the United States based on several identical variables. In order to shorten the length of this study, three states, including Missouri, have been chosen to compare variables. The three states are Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. The first two states were chosen because of location to demonstrate the comparability of Missouri with bordering states. All three states have state debt and the following numbers are per capita. The state with the highest debt is Illinois with a debt of 1702 putting the state at number 18 on the ranking list of the United States. The lowest debt goes to Iowa with a debt of only 651, ranking number 33. Missouri is in the middle of both states, but closer to Illinois, with a debt of 1245 per capita, leaving Missouri to place number 26 in the United States regarding state debt. The population of Missouri is 74.3 people per square mile. This ranks number 27 in the United States. Iowa is the least populated of the three states with 49.7 people per square mile, ranking number 33 in the United States. Illinois has the largest amount of people per square mile with a total of 205.6 people per square mile and ranking number 11 in the United States. Missouri falls gracefully between both of these numbers. After looking at the states population, we should consider family income. All incomes that are presented are based on the median. Not surprising, the top family income will go to Illinois with an income of $38,664.00, ranking 12 in the United States. The middle will go to Missouri with an annual income of $31,838.00, placing Missouri number 32 in the United States. And last and surprisingly, Iowa. Iowa has a whopping $31,659.00 of family income leaving Iowa right behind Missouri in ranks. Illinois was the highest of the three states in family income so it is no surprise that they are the highest in income tax paid ...

An analysis of the Culture of an organisation Essay

An analysis of the Culture of an organisation - Essay Example Organisations are increasingly focusing on developing the ‘right culture’, or ‘culture with quality’ or a ‘culture of customer service’ with a view to inculcate certain values and norms in their organisational settings. It is widely assumed that better, stronger and more importantly the right culture can largely influence the effectiveness and success factors of the organisation (Schein, 2004, p. 7). Southwest Airlines is an outstanding example for best cultural practices within the organization as its dedicated employees do more than delivering the friendly and high-quality customer services for which the company is widely known and this is the way its people and culture bring result. This paper presents a brief description about organisational culture and describes the theoretical framework in relation to Schein model of organisational culture based on the empirical evidences from the application of organisational culture in Southwest Airlines. This paper mainly focuses on the unique culture of Southwest Airlines to deliver highest quality customer service and its impact on organisational performance. Southwest Airlines, the Dallas-based airline carrier, continues to differentiate itself from other carriers with exemplary customer service delivered by more than 45,000 employees to more than 100 million customers every year (Investor relations, 2013). The company was founded by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King in 1971 as a low cost airline service in busy markets of less than 500 miles. In 1980, the company adopted its mission as â€Å"dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride and company spirit† (Smith, 2004, p. 27). Even after 32 years, Southwest Airlines perceives its people to be the highest valued assets and asks them to be highly dedicated to continually providing highest quality

CASE STUDY # 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

# 1 - Case Study Example However, some children may accurately develop these abilities but still have symptoms of language disorder. The speech disorders without known causes are usually referred to developmental language disorder. Nonetheless, numerous agents including brain injury, developmental problems, hearing loss, autistic spectrum disorder, and learning disabilities, may cause the language disorder in children (The New York Times 01). Notably, each agent has its unique symptoms, system of diagnosis, and treatment. Cori Williams, the national president announced during the Federal Lections of the year 2007 lobbied a national campaign against speech disorder among children. William wanted the speech pathology to be discussed extensively and sufficiently so that the government could adopt the Speech Pathology as an Australia’s policy (Speech Pathology Australia 01). The main areas that this public policy aimed at addressing included the functions of the speech pathology services to children with speech and language disorders. William also wanted the improved access of pathology services to children in remote areas. Finally, it lobby called for extended pathology services within the Medicare Allied Health Initiative (Speech Pathology Australia 01). There numerous exams and tests that are often conducted in children to determine the type of speech disorder they might be suffering. In some cases, a speech disorder in a child may be traced from the medical history of the child’s family (Simms 432). In such a case, it may be revealed that the child’s close relative might have suffered speech and language problems. Moreover, a child who might be suspected to be suffering from language or speech disorder can be taken for standardized expressive and receptive language tests. During this test, a language and speech neuropsychologist or therapist will be able to determine the same. Additionally,

Summarize & Critic on Torah (Pentateuch) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summarize & Critic on Torah (Pentateuch) - Essay Example The saga moves from beyond external conflicts- Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Issac and Moses to resolving internal conflicts - following covenants and commandments and resolving age hold human dissatisfaction with what is available, rebellion and ultimate salvation by entering the promised land. The compilation of Pentateuch was done by multiple authors and over a period of six centuries. Friedman presents evidence why he believes this is so; for instance Friedman provides evidence of "Doublets", which are variations of the same story with some facts similar and others paralleling the other instance of same story. Friedman cites specific couplets and verses where such synchronicity has occurred. On the other hand terminology used parallel that of the doublet which it has followed - same set of names fall into same doublet. Thus the text of the Pentateuch can be demarcated into following discrete divisions: J (Jahwistic), E (Elohistic), P (Priestly) and D (Deuteronomic). Within these divisions common names and sequence, presence or absence of events can be clearly identified. Even linguistic parlance within the above divisions is strongly indicative of separate authorships for each of the divisions. The events as presented within each of the div... Historical references within each of the divisions identify the approximate time frame and time period in which they were compiled or written. Friedman has exhaustively listed specific references from where the time frame can be elicited, he proclaims that Priestly text dates back to (715-687 B.C), whereas Deuteronomic dates to the era of reign of Josiah the great grandson of Hezekiah. The linguistic classification and analysis has also reiterated that Jahwistic and Elohistic belong to an earlier era than Priestly and Deuteronomic. As far as the relationships between the divisions are concerned parallels of events are so close between Jahwistic and Elohistic indicating that were probably edited together. In Priestly stories the differences between it and Jahwistic Elohistic report a contradiction of one event by the other presentation as possibly an attempt to explain the consequences after event has happened. Deuteronomic includes references to passages in other divisions indicating that it is more dated than others. Another factor determining completeness is cohesion of Jahwistic Elohistic - both together form a nearly complete and continuous story where as separately each is incomplete. Similarly Priestly also forms a nearly complete section on its own. This indicates merging of Jahwistic Elohistic earlier with addition of Priestly at a later date. It also shows different mindsets of the editors who combined the separate texts as heavy editing of the Jahwistic Elohistic sources seems to have been done in order to ensure good fit while Priestly's addition was without heavy source editing. There are also theories that such explicit divisions are

The Anticipation Of Love English Literature Essay

The Anticipation Of Love English Literature Essay This touchy poem earned a lot of fame to the great Argentine poet, essayist, and short-story writer, whose tales of fantasy and dream worlds are classics of the 20th-century world literature. He was profoundly influenced by European culture, English literature, and thinkers such as Berkeley, who argued that there is no material substance; the sensible world consists only of ideas, which exist for so long as they are perceived. Most of his tales embrace universal themes the often recurring circular labyrinth can be seen as a metaphor of life or a riddle which theme is time. Although Borgess name was mentioned in speculations about Nobel Prize, he never became one. Jorge Luis Borges was born on August 24, 1899, in Buenos Aires. A few years later, his family moved to the northern suburb of Palermo, which he was to celebrate in prose and verse. He received his earliest education at home, where he learned English and read widely in his fathers library of English books. When Borges was nine years of age, he began his public schooling in Palermo, and in the same year, published his first literary undertaking, which was a translation into Spanish of Oscar Wildes The Happy Prince. In 1914 the Borges family traveled to Europe. When World War I broke out, they settled for the duration in Switzerland, where young Borges finished his formal education at the College in Geneva. By 1919, when the family moved on to Spain, Borges had learned several languages and had begun to write and translate poetry (Liukkonen and Pesonen, Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986)). In Seville and Madrid, he frequented literary gatherings absorbing the lessons of new poetical theorists of the time-especially those of Rafael Cansinos Assà ©ns, who headed a group of writers who came to be known as ultraists. When the family returned to Argentina in 1921, Borges rediscovered his native Buenos Aires and began to write poems dealing with his intimate feelings for the city, its past, and certain fading features of its quiet suburbs. His early poetry was reflective in tone; metaphors dominated, usual linking words were suppressed, and the humble, tranquil aspects of the city that he evoked seemed somehow contaminated by eternity. With other young Argentine writers, Borges collaborated in the founding of new publications, in which the ultraist mode was cultivated in the New World. In 1923, his first volume of poetry, Fervor of Buenos Aires, was published, and it also made somewhat of a name for him in Spain. In 1925, his second book of poetry, Moon across the Way, appeared, which was followed in 1929 by San Martin Notebook -the last new collection of his verse to appear for three decades. Borges gradually developed a keen interest in literary criticism. His critical and philosophical essays began to fill most of the volumes he published during the period 1925-1940: Inquisitions (1925), The Dimensions of My Hope (1926), The Language of the Argentines (1928), Evaristo Carriego (1930), Discussion (1932), and History of Eternity (1938). Change in Style In 1938, with his father gravely ill from a heart ailment, Borges obtained an appointment in a municipal library in Buenos Aires. Before years end, his father died. Borges, himself, came close to death from septicemia, the complication of an infected head injury. This period of crisis produced an important change in Borges. He began to write prose fiction tales of a curious and highly original character. These pieces seemed to be philosophical essays invested with narrative qualities and tensions. Others were short stories infused with metaphorical concepts. Ten of these concise, well-executed stories were collected in Ficciones (1944). A second volume of similar tales, entitled The Aleph, was published in 1949. Borgess fame as a writer firmly rests on the narratives contained in these two books, to which other stories were added in later editions. After The Aleph, he published an important collection of essays, Other Inquisitions (1952); several collections of poetry and prose sketches, Dreamtigers (1960), In Praise of Darkness (1969), The Deep Rose (1975), and The Iron Coin (1976); and two collections of new short stories, Dr. Brodies Report (1970) and The Book of Sand (1975). Aside from these works, Borges wrote over a dozen books in collaboration with other persons. Foremost among his collaborators was Adolfo Bioy Casares, an Argentine novelist and short-story writer, who was Borgess closest literary associate for nearly 40 years. In 1961 Borges shared with Samuel Beckett the $10,000 International Publishers Prize, and world recognition at last began to come his way. He received countless honors and prizes. In 1970, he was the first recipient of the $25,000 Matarazzo Sobrinho Inter-American Literary Prize. Borges, who had long suffered from eye problems, was totally blind in his last decades. He had a congenital defect that had afflicted several generations on his fathers side of the family. However, he continued to publish several books, among them EL LIBRO DE LOS SERES IMAGINARIOS (1967), EL INFORME DE BRODIE (1970), and EL LIBRO DE ARENA (1975). To him, books meant everything. Philosophy and Theology Borgess fictional universe was born from his vast and esoteric readings in literature, philosophy, and theology. He saw mans search for meaning in an infinite universe as a fruitless effort. In the universe of energy, mass, and speed of light, Borges considered the central riddle time, and not space. He believed in an infinite series of times, in a growing, dizzying net of divergent, convergent and parallel times. This network of times which approached one another, forked, broke off, or was unaware of one another for centuries, embraces all possibilities of time (Hoffmann, pp 316). The theological speculations of Gnosticism and the Cabala gave ideas for many of his plots. Borges revealed in an interview that when he was a boy, he found an engraving of the Seven Wonders of the World, one of which portrayed a circular labyrinth. It frightened him and the maze has been one of his recurrent nightmares. Almost instantly, I understood: The garden of forking paths was the chaotic novel; the phrase the various futures (not to all) suggested to me the forking in time, not in space (Yates, The Garden of Forking Paths). Borges, who was a deep philosopher of poetry, presented each of his writings as an ontological enigma. Similarly, a borgesian story or poem would often assume the patterns of a treatise. The writings of Borges are full of emotions or are simply entertaining, also often characterized by fantastic ontologies, synchronic genealogies, utopian grammars, fictional geographies. In addition, he conceived philosophy has perplexity and poetry as the deepest form of rationality. The beauty of his poetry and the depth of his knowledge do great justice to the Spanish language and universal mind (University of Pittsburgh, . Conclusion Borges married Elsa Astete Millan in 1967, but was divorced in 1970. He married Maria Kodama in 1986, shortly before his death on June 14, in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1985, he moved permanently to Geneva, Switzerland. There he died of liver cancer on June 14, 1986, and was buried at the old Plainpalais Cemetery. The intellectual style of Borges presents each of his writings as an ontological riddle. His works offer exposure to interdisciplinary research and provide a treat to both the academic scholar and the ordinary reader.

Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms Essay -- Genetic Engineerin

Even though we may not know it, GMO’s are everywhere. From the trees in a lumberyard, the pets we own, and most common, the food on our plates. GMO’s are genetically modified organisms. They have even been called â€Å"part of the fabric of American life† (Lambrecht 3). New controversies have risen up to fight these â€Å"deadly† foods. Do we really know what we are eating? Does it even matter? Biotechnologies and altering the characteristics of food have been around for many centuries. These uses were put into use to create useful products such as wine and bread and more recently to create resistant crops and antidotes in the medical field. The difference is that modern biotechnology is now associated with the modification of genes. This is not only limited to food. There are many other practical and useful purposes for this type of engineering. Although recently this use of technology has received a lot of flak and hostility towards these crops that in t urn has been holding back on advancement of the foods. Some of these misconceptions about these products are coming from people who don’t yet know how safe the GMO’s really are and don’t understand the possibilities that these foods have. Further innovation could develop into a long and jubilant rapport with genetically modified organisms. Thus, as long as GMO’s are labeled on the products then it is okay to sell them. We walk into grocery stores everywhere and we see these stickers on our products that say GMO and wonder what GMO’s actually are. These GMO product sticker means the food that we are buying is engineered to be bigger, better tasting, and resistant to disease. In Nova’s movie, Harvest of Fear, they explain how scientists do this by inserting genes or proteins into the DNA o... ...nd the global politics of food. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001. Print. Mather, Robin. "The Threats From Genetically Modified Foods." Mother Earth News 251 (2012): 42. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 8 May 2012.Nestle, Marion. Safe food: bacteria, biotechnology, and bioterrorism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003. Print. Whitman, Deborah B. "Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?" Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? Apr. 2000. Web. 08 May 2012. Powell, Douglas, †Genetically Modified Foods Should not be Labeled.† National Post (22 June 2001). Rpt in Genetic Engineering Ed. James D. Torr Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Current Controversies. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 09 May 2012. "GMO | Life Is Fare." Life Is Fare | One woman's approach to living life to the fullest by eating happy food.. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2012.

Nike sweatshop Essay

1) Should Nike be held responsible for working condition in factories that it does not own, but where sub-contractors make products for Nike? Nike doesn’t own any manufacturing facilities and outsource its production. Therefore, it can’t be directly blamed for terrible working conditions. Nike can influence indirectly on working conditions at contracting factories thorough refusing to work with sweatshop factories. However, Nike, like any other capitalistic enterprise, is looking for economy of scales and making more money for its shareholders, so each dollar counts. In this case, Nike business ethics is being questioned. From another point of view, workers and employers have a voluntarily contract engagement and working conditions are on the same level as at other local enterprises. However, if Nike claims to be a social responsible corporate citizen, it has to maintain business practices accordingly. They have to influence their partners to provide better working conditions and avoid long hours for child labor. Otherwise, they should be like everybody else and benefit from prevailing business practices in the third world countries. 2) What labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, and the like, should Nike hold foreign factories to: those prevailing in that country, or those prevailing in the United States. Nike has to follow traditional labor standards prevailing in the supplying countries due to the absence of ownership for production facilities. It will be almost impossible to impose American labor standards regarding safety, working conditions and overtime into a foreign country, because they all have their own authorities that regulate these issues. Cheap labor is their only competitive advantage to attract foreign direct investments. Changing labor standards in compliance with the US regulations will lead to factory overhead expenses increase and lose of economies of scale. Therefore, Nike should follow the current regulations and try to improve the standards and working conditions at their supplying factories to a certain acceptable extent. 3. An income of $2.28 a day, the base pay of Nike factory workers in Indonesia, is double the daily income of about half the working population. Half of all adults in Indonesia are farmers, who receive less than $1 a day. Given this, is it correct to criticize Nike for low pay rates for its subcontractors in Indonesia? Nike shouldn’t be solely responsible for the low pay rates for its subcontractors in Indonesia. It reflects the current labor market situation and the way local economy operates. However, Nike should do their best to influence the improvement of working conditions and pay rate increase at its subcontractors. Not only Nike exploits that the benefits of low pay rates in Indonesia, but, other foreign companies as well. It should be a common strategy to influence the improvements. These changes can’t happen at once, it should be a long-term strategy for the benefit of local workers. For instances, the average hourly pay rate is $1.3 in Moldova. This number is significantly low than in the Western Europe. Many Western businesses are exploiting this advantage. China is another good example where average monthly salary has risen from $250 in 2005 to $600 in 2012. It was the government of China policy to increase salaries. Therefore, local governments should influence the pay rate increase, and MNE will follow the rules of the game. 4. Could Nike have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops better? What might have been done differently, not just from the public relations perspective, but also from a policy perspective? Nike could have done a better job addressing not only the age issue and inferior working conditions, but the pay rate increase as well. Nike preferred to take care of certain critics selectively, leaving behind the main concern- pay rate. Charging premiums for their products, Nike can afford be more accurate in selecting subcontractors and promoting better working conditions on sites. Nike hired onetime US Ambassador to the UN, US Congressman, and former Atlanta Mayor, Andrew Young, to assess working conditions in subcontractor’s plants around the world. He made a mildly critical report spending two weeks and visiting 15 factories only. It is obvious that the report was subjective and led to even more critics from human rights and labor groups. Nike should have been more objective showing more opportunities for improvement and making more positive publicity from eliminating trouble issues. 5. Do you think Nike needs to make any changes to its current policy? Is so, what? Should Nike make changes even if they hinder the ability of the company to compete in the market place? Nike has to make changes to its current policies and support the Workers Rights Consortium. The times has changed and the business ethics is more important nowadays than it used to be several years ago. More attention is paid to top managers’ compliance with the ethics code after major bankruptcies involving unethical behavior, for instances, Enron. Nike policies have to be updated to the modern conditions and business environmental requirements. Nike should care not only about its shareholders, but, about all stakeholders, including suppliers and consumers. These new trends should be stated in their policy clearly. 6. Is the WRC right to argue that the FLA is a tool of industry? The Fair Labor Association grew out of the Presidential task force on sweatshops and included the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, the National Council of Churches, the International Labor Rights Fund, some 135 universities and companies such as Nike, Reebok, and Levi Strauss. It means that this Association was supported and funded by the companies whose operations they should examine. There is an obvious conflict of interests. It is more likely a tool for industry to protect itself and create publicity loyal to industry members. The Workers Rights Consortium is more independent, backed, and partly funded, by labor unions and refuses to cooperate with companies, in order not to â€Å"jeopardize its independence†. Therefore, they are capable of carrying out truly independent unprejudiced sweatshop audits. 7. If sweatshops are a global problem, what might be a global solution to this problem? There is no a global solution to the problem of sweatshops while inequality and differences in stages of economical development exist. MNE are looking for better productions conditions and cheap skilled labor. There always are â€Å"third world† countries offering lower pay rates to attract foreign direct investments than their neighbors. It is a complex problem that requires a holistic approach. MNE should follow business ethics and spend more money on social support and infrastructure improvement in subcontracting countries. United efforts of businesses, governments and the United Nations can only make a difference. Sweatshops are the only way of income in many countries. People have no choice, but, to work at sweatshops or die from starvation. Poverty reduction and life conditions improvement are the modern global challenges for the developed countries. It is unfair to make extra billions in profits at the expense of the poor and undeveloped countries in the 21st century. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Public Health Promotion Strategy

Public Health Promotion Strategy of Lhuntse Introduction Public health is the first priority of a nation as health is the chief priority to man. According to the American Public Health Association, APHA(2001), public health as the practice of preventing diseases and promoting good health within groups of people from small communities to entire countries. The functions of public health include preventing epidemics, monitoring health status of the population, developing policies and laws to protect health, providing health care services at all costs and all activities related to benefiting public and their health.Bhutan, within the confines of China in the north and India in the south, was a late bloomer in to development. Now, 90% of the population has access to basic health care services delivered through a network of 29 hospitals, 176 Basic Health Units and 541 outreach clinics. Of the twenty Dzongkhags or districts in Bhutan, Lhuentse dzongkhag is one of the least developed with ei ght gewogs. â€Å"Most of the villages are still in accessible with lack of roads and electricity. one hospital, 11 Basic Health Units and 31 Outreach clinics render public health services in the dzongkhag.About 50% of the households have access to piped drinking water supply. †(Ninth five year plan, Bhutan, n. d). This paper plans to focus on studying the public health sector scenario in the particular dzongkhag and improving it. Purpose of the action plan Purpose of the action plan is to promote various factors such as followings †¢To improve maternal health care, it is very essential to provide healthy manner of health services to improve maternal health care to make pregnancy safe. Mother’s education, Mother’s education is the basic knowledge of parenting. †¢To Improvement in food supply and sanitation, improvements in food supply and sanitation will lead to increase life spans and reduce disease. Initiatives taken by the health services such as cl ean drinking water supply and hygiene directly help in improvement in food supply and sanitation. †¢ To Reduce in Poverty, to make reduction in poverty line . To Change living standard, with the development taking place in the country, living standard of the people has been rapidly changed.Public health Issues and Concerns †¢Lhuentse Dzongkhags has the concern over the issues related to public health as follows; †¢As the morbidity among the children under five year of age and all pregnant women and women in child bearing age was accounted to , Male-767 and Female-642. (PHCB, pg. 191). †¢The number of deliveries of the new born babies attended by health professionals was – 90 pregnant women, whereas, the number of deliverie not attended was recorded to -231 cases as noted in (PHCB, pg. 04). †¢According to PHCB, 2005,The Dzongkhag has also noted the increase in the number of disables that was numbered to 990 people and most were disabled to seeing that was recorded to-327 people. (PHCB,pg. 211) †¢Most of the people in the Dzongkhag had limited access to safe drinking water with the account of 253 households having piped water within house and 2377 households having piped water outside house. (PHCB, pg. 222) 5.The people in the Dzongkhag had limited acces to basic health facility of proper toilet. As, 2143 households had the accessibility to pit latrine and 423 households had no latrines at all (PHCB, pg. 241). The issues also includes, †¢Maternal and child health †¢The lack of nutrition in the diet leading to malnutrition †¢Outbreak of infectious diseases †¢The high alcohol consumption leading to increase in alcohol related diseases (Liver cirrhosis). Public Health Promotion StrategyTheir strategies put emphasis on improvement ofquality of services, development of human and institutional capacity, and decentralization with focus on rural access. 1. Enhance the quality of health services To improve the qual ity of services and further consolidate the infrastructure. Standardization and quality assurance, focusing on diagnostic and healing aspects, and use of appropriate technology. 2. To reach the inaccessible population There are still population groups who are not reached satisfactorily by the health services.Taking into account all of the problems and factors, Out Reach Clinics (ORCs) have been constructed and organized. 3. Strengthen traditional medicine system The traditional medicine system is being strengthened with the emphasis on human resource development through the Institute of Traditional Medicine. This has also been included in the ordinary health services at the hospital. The capacity and productivity of the Pharmaceutical Units have been increased.

Veil Of Ignorance essays

Veil Of Ignorance essays In todays society, healthcare and health insurance is one of the biggest political controversies that you can find. Both Democrats and Republicans promise to provide better health care, but stop for a second and ask yourself and the candidates, What is better health care? In my opinion health care should be provided to every single American citizen in such a away that it can be paid back over time with possibly a loan type program. Every day, families must deal with the pain of losing a loved one due to not having enough money for health insurance, and that isnt the American way of life. One of our core democratic values as citizens of the U.S. is in fact life. If you can never take away our core democratic values, then how can you allow someone to lose their life simply because they do not have enough money to purchase health insurance. Today, health care is provided through ones job. However, what if you do not have a job, or lose your job, for that period you do not have he alth insurance. If I were transported behind the veil of ignorance I believe that I would have the same outlook. Growing up not knowing what you will have in the future, not knowing if you will be rich or poor, sick or healthy. In fact, I dont believe that is the type of health care that I would want, I definitely know that is what I would choose. Health care that is provided by the government really would be the only fair way to provide it. So not just one person, but everyone is able to afford it no matter who you are. Were talking about peoples lives here, not a house or a car. I think that anyone who was transported back to the original position would also have the same outlook on the way that healthcare should be provided. Any single person who did not know their lives outcome would want healthcare in the easiest, most affordable way possible, and the gover...

Marriage tradition in Amish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marriage tradition in Amish - Essay Example Their language is a German dialect called Pennsylvania Dutch, and religious services are held in the homes of community members – not in churches. Farming is their preferred occupation, although they have diversified into small businesses, such as furniture and leather goods. Based on the Biblical words, ‘Be ye not conformed to the world,’ the Amish isolate themselves from mainstream society, rejecting social security, public education, technology and automobiles (Boeree, n.d.). Separation of the State and church, a literal interpretation of the Bible, non-violence, separation from the world, distinct appearance and clothing, and strict adherence to the ‘Ordnung,’ or oral tradition of rules, are characteristic, unique Amish beliefs (Robinson, 2005). Devotion to community and family is the hallmark of the Amish. The welfare of the community supersedes individual interests. As the family is the center of the Amish community, marriage is a significant st ep in life, and is governed by several rules and traditional rituals. Amish marriages demonstrate the societal functions of establishing stable relationships, regulating sexual division of labor, and providing for the needs of the children. Amish marriages are directed towards the establishment of permanent relationships between a man and a woman. This is to ensure the stability of the community. As such, marriage is linked with group identity and culture. It is a part of the need to strengthen community ties. This attempt to create stable unions, in accordance with the social regulations which govern their sect, mandates that Amish marriages are governed by various strictures. These rituals strengthen the feeling of identity and sense of belonging to the community. In order to maintain the isolation of the community from outside culture, marriages outside the faith are not permitted. Consanguineous marriage is not encouraged. In furtherance of group unity, all Amish marriages

Experimental Researrch Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experimental Researrch Design - Essay Example Experimental research designs are the only ones that have the ability to determine if a change in the independent variable actually causes a change in the dependent variable. In carrying out an experimental design a number of questions have to be answered. These questions will determine the type of experimental study design to be adopted. Experimental designs are usually carried out on groups or individuals. Accordingly, the structure of the design changes as group experimental design or single subject experimental design (Srinagesh, 2006). Group experimental designs take different forms. If there is only one independent variable then a single variable design is adopted that has three approaches- pre-experimental designs, true experimental designs and quasi experimental designs. However, if there are two or more then then a factorial design is adopted. The single subject experimental designs are used only when one subject is involved in the study and thus aim at studying behavioral changes of different individuals as a result of some treatment or intervention. There are three main types and these include: A-B-A withdrawal design, multiple baseline design and alternating treatments design (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011). In the study question above, it was only possible to identify one independent variable which was the rate of adoption of the electronic medical records. A number of dependent variables were identified and these include: time, the hospitals surveyed, patient knowledge and efficiency. Therefore, in this case a single variable experimental design will be used. Narrowing down in this category, the quasi-experimental design with the use of time series design will be used. The rate of adoption is seen to change over time. The method will be effective because of the time aspect involved in the study. The design will address internal validity in a number of ways. The study

Research on the initiative of audience in network news communication Dissertation

Research on the initiative of audience in network news communication - Dissertation Example In this era of changing fashion trends, television plays a big role in deciding the kind of fashion in terms of clothes and accessories that will dominate the youth’s desire. Since the inception of television and films, the goal has been to influence the viewers to buy products since the filmmakers are aware of the impact moving pictures can make on viewers. This study has investigated the impact of television fashion programs on Japanese and Chinese women selected on random basis from media and journalism schools and colleges, and also from health and social care centers. The desire to emulate television models and celebrities is strong among the respondents, and this induces them to change their eating habits to change their weight. They consider Western fashion as depicted by television programs as superior to their traditional culture, hence they often indulge in compulsive shopping to acquire clothes and accessories as promoted by these programs. Contents I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 II. Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 III. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 IV. ... Appendix ..................................................................................72 I. Introduction In this current age of increasingly pervasive beauty and fashion awareness, the requirement of a slim body figure has become as important as one’s IQ. Therefore, it is not surprising that women of all age groups are getting more and more conscious about their body image. The growing tendency in the fashion world to represent beautiful women as having hourglass figure goes against the traditional belief that beauty is inherent and that â€Å"beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder†. The constant provocations caused by perfect size figures in televisions and magazine covers in the fashion world urges women to shift to a new slimmer figure. The craze for size zero has induced women and especially young girls to take desperate measures making those who lack this so called perfect figure to suffer from inferiority complex. Although body image consciousness is prevale nt among both genders, it is however more apparent among women because they are more vocal about their feelings. Unlike men, the common subject of topic between women is what they like or what they do not like about their body parts. It is a known fact that every woman desires to keep a positive perception of her body image. This can be achieved only when a woman feels comfortable with her body and feels good about the way she looks. It is a common phenomenon that women struggle to keep their body in shape through various measures like doing exercise, swimming, dieting or skipping meals altogether. The feeling of a negative body image can induce women to indulge in over exercise or eating disorder habits which cause harmful impacts on body. Every woman has her own idea of body image and develops

Sarahs Key Essay Example for Free

Sarahs Key Essay The dance ‘The Oppression of the Jewish Race’ was based on the stimulus ‘Schindlers List’ directed by Steven Spielberg. The dance is in narrative structure based on the journey of the Jewish race from freedom to oppression. The feelings within this dance vary. In the first section, the dance begins with a light playfulness where happiness and hope are portrayed by the dancers. This hopefulness gradually fade however, as the dance steadily progresses into bleakness and has a numbing quality to it. The dancers continue in this despair with outwards signs of pain being expressed. The feeling in the end section of the dance is one of utter hopelessness and anguish. The dance concludes with this feeling as it is how the Jews felt by the end of the Holocaust and as many of their lives ended when the Holocaust was taking place during World War II. This was the motivations that the choreographer used to choreograph this dance. The overall choreographic intention is to convey the oppression of the Jewish race. Through five sections of the dance this is displayed as each section gets progressively worse in a narrative structure that depicts different parts of the Schindlers List movie the stimulus. I was given the role, by the guest choreographer, of a teenage Jewish girl who is a similar age to me. Using the Stanislavski techniques I developed my character for each section of the dance. In the beginning I am happy and free, using emotional memory to get into character before I begin dancing. As the dance progresses my character becomes less and less happy and free. By the second section, I have lost all emotion and my movements are no longer free but more mechanical. My facial expressions slowly transform into those of pain and my movement reflects this as they are bound. When in the gas chambers I brought the idea of pain in my movements and expressions as my character passes away. I brought the understanding of what the Jewish race would have gone through during this time, through my character. Section 1 – The Beginning The beginning section of the dance is acting. There are seven dancers on stage, each interacting with someone. One dancer (a small boy character) runs onto the performance space from stage left to find his toy car, which he finds and then plays with. Another dancer runs on from stage right (a small girl character) with her toy doll. The boy then snatches the doll away from the girl and teases her with it as she chases after him. The boy’s mother then enters (third dancer to enter the stage) from stage left and tells off the boy for being mean to the girl. The girl’s mother then enters the performance space and supports the girl as she is apologised to by the boy. At the same time as this apology is taking place. A grandmother and her granddaughter are making their way through the space beginning from upstage right. This is when I enter the performance. I run onto the performance space from upstage left, waving as I enter. I move through the space to interact with two of the other dancers, by hugging both of them as they are my grandma and friend. I then walk down stage with the grandmother and friend and my focus is on the other dancers who are greeting each other, the mood is light and free. The dancers then make their way down stage to form a line. They then take whatever prop that they have with them (e. g. the car for the boy) and have it in their hand. Activity One Choreographic Intention The dance ‘The Oppression of the Jewish Race’ was based on the stimulus ‘Schindlers List’ directed by Steven Spielberg. The dance is in narrative structure based on the journey of the Jewish race from freedom to oppression. The feelings within this dance vary. In the first section, the dance begins with a light playfulness where happiness and hope are portrayed by the dancers. This hopefulness gradually fade however, as the dance steadily progresses into bleakness and has a numbing quality to it. The dancers continue in this despair with outwards signs of pain being expressed. The feeling in the end section of the dance is one of utter hopelessness and anguish. The dance concludes with this feeling as it is how the Jews felt by the end of the Holocaust and as many of their lives ended when the Holocaust was taking place during World War II. This was the motivations that the choreographer used to choreograph this dance. The overall choreographic intention is to convey the oppression of the Jewish race. Through five sections of the dance this is displayed as each section gets progressively worse in a narrative structure that depicts different parts of the Schindlers List movie the stimulus. I was given the role, by the guest choreographer, of a teenage Jewish girl who is a similar age to me. Using the Stanislavski techniques I developed my character for each section of the dance. In the beginning I am happy and free, using emotional memory to get into character before I begin dancing. As the dance progresses my character becomes less and less happy and free. By the second section, I have lost all emotion and my movements are no longer free but more mechanical. My facial expressions slowly transform into those of pain and my movement reflects this as they are bound. When in the gas chambers I brought the idea of pain in my movements and expressions as my character passes away. I brought the understanding of what the Jewish race would have gone through during this time, through my character. Section 1 – The Beginning The beginning section of the dance is acting. There are seven dancers on stage, each interacting with someone. One dancer (a small boy character) runs onto the performance space from stage left to find his toy car, which he finds and then plays with. Another dancer runs on from stage right (a small girl character) with her toy doll. The boy then snatches the doll away from the girl and teases her with it as she chases after him. The boy’s mother then enters (third dancer to enter the stage) from stage left and tells off the boy for being mean to the girl. The girl’s mother then enters the performance space and supports the girl as she is apologised to by the boy. At the same time as this apology is taking place. A grandmother and her granddaughter are making their way through the space beginning from upstage right. This is when I enter the performance. I run onto the performance space from upstage left, waving as I enter. I move through the space to interact with two of the other dancers, by hugging both of them as they are my grandma and friend. I then walk down stage with the grandmother and friend and my focus is on the other dancers who are greeting each other, the mood is light and free. The dancers then make their way down stage to form a line. They then take whatever prop that they have with them (e. g. the car for the boy) and have it in their hand. Each dancer, in time with the music, kneels down and places their prop on the ground and has one last moment with it. The dancers focus stays on the ground as they all stand up and then simultaneously they raise their heads, their focus up and out. This concludes this section. I learnt this section by getting into character and portraying the emotions that a teenage Jewish girl would. I interact with the other character and I had to really make sure that I used ensemble awareness when getting into the line so that there was equal space between the dancers next to me and to be in a straight line. I portray the intentions of the dance by interacting with the other dancers, showing my relationship with them – this portrays that Jewish race was free to be who they are. My interaction with my prop shows how the Jewish race is still holding on to its individuality but has to eventually let it go. Section 2 – Free Motif This section involves free and flowing movements. The focus of the dancers is all on the movements as it begins with a series of retire step with arms open and moving in a circular motion (half of the dancers go upstage and the other half continue to move toward stage right along down stage), into a drag turn with the left leg and foot is out and the arms are extended on a diagonal, with the body on a tilt. The dancers then run forward and reach toward the sky before they bend and contract their bodies, running backwards with their arms curved alongside their torsos. This is followed by many flowing movements, with the opening of arms, reaching out and looking up. The section finishes with the dancers dropping to their knees with their arms out in front of them. As they get up the pain on their faces begins to show as they enter into the Hitler salute and lifting the right leg at the same time and then coming together to shuffle along with our hands placed on one another shoulders. This ending of the section shows the Nazi regime tightening and sending to Jewish people to concentration camps, their freedom being taken away from them. This section also involves many contemporary contractions and I have had to work on ballet technique. When practising the retires I needed to focus is on pointing my feet, keeping my left arm extended in second and staying up on releve. Through the use of focus and expression I brought the idea across that I was free yet not happy as I know that something is wrong, being in the ghettos. Section 3 – Mechanical Motif The dancers facial expressions in this section are completely blank when completing the dance moves, almost, no sign of any emotion, almost like a robot. Their focus is directly out or in the direction they are moving to. This reinforces the idea that they are losing the very essence of who they are, their humanity and individuality and are beginning to live as though they are like machines. This section is performed through twice. The first time it its completed is in complete unison, the second time they are dancing the same movements but repeated different moves three times so it looks like each dancer is doing something different though they all end at the same time. This section involves a series of isolations of the arms, feet, legs and body as the dances move mechanically. After the isolations is a back bend. The dancers place their hands on the small of their back; tilt back and head facing the sky. This is the only place in this section when the dancer’s faces show expression – pain, with mouths open to show the intensity of it. The dancers then hunch over with knees bent, walk forward and then stand up with hands clasped up by their shoulder, before they drop to the floor. Once on the floor the dancers sit back on their knees and circle round in a back bend and then stand up. This whole sequence is repeated as stated before except for the circled backbend and that concludes this section. I had to practice the sharpness of the movements and keeping myself void of Each dancer, in time with the music, kneels down and places their prop on the ground and has one last moment with it. The dancers focus stays on the ground as they all stand up and then simultaneously they raise their heads, their focus up and out. This concludes this section. I learnt this section by getting into character and portraying the emotions that a teenage Jewish girl would. I interact with the other character and I had to really make sure that I used ensemble awareness when getting into the line so that there was equal space between the dancers next to me and to be in a straight line. I portray the intentions of the dance by interacting with the other dancers, showing my relationship with them – this portrays that Jewish race was free to be who they are. My interaction with my prop shows how the Jewish race is still holding on to its individuality but has to eventually let it go. Section 2 – Free Motif This section involves free and flowing movements. The focus of the dancers is all on the movements as it begins with a series of retire step with arms open and moving in a circular motion (half of the dancers go upstage and the other half continue to move toward stage right along down stage), into a drag turn with the left leg and foot is out and the arms are extended on a diagonal, with the body on a tilt. The dancers then run forward and reach toward the sky before they bend and contract their bodies, running backwards with their arms curved alongside their torsos. This is followed by many flowing movements, with the opening of arms, reaching out and looking up. The section finishes with the dancers dropping to their knees with their arms out in front of them. As they get up the pain on their faces begins to show as they enter into the Hitler salute and lifting the right leg at the same time and then coming together to shuffle along with our hands placed on one another shoulders. This ending of the section shows the Nazi regime tightening and sending to Jewish people to concentration camps, their freedom being taken away from them. This section also involves many contemporary contractions and I have had to work on ballet technique. When practising the retires I needed to focus is on pointing my feet, keeping my left arm extended in second and staying up on releve. Through the use of focus and expression I brought the idea across that I was free yet not happy as I know that something is wrong, being in the ghettos. Section 3 – Mechanical Motif The dancers facial expressions in this section are completely blank when completing the dance moves, almost, no sign of any emotion, almost like a robot. Their focus is directly out or in the direction they are moving to. This reinforces the idea that they are losing the very essence of who they are, their humanity and individuality and are beginning to live as though they are like machines. This section is performed through twice. The first time it its completed is in complete unison, the second time they are dancing the same movements but repeated different moves three times so it looks like each dancer is doing something different though they all end at the same time. This section involves a series of isolations of the arms, feet, legs and body as the dances move mechanically. After the isolations is a back bend. The dancers place their hands on the small of their back; tilt back and head facing the sky. This is the only place in this section when the dancer’s faces show expression – pain, with mouths open to show the intensity of it. The dancers then hunch over with knees bent, walk forward and then stand up with hands clasped up by their shoulder, before they drop to the floor. Once on the floor the dancers sit back on their knees and circle round in a back bend and then stand up. This whole sequence is repeated as stated before except for the circled backbend and that concludes this section. I had to practice the sharpness of the movements and keeping myself void of expression of emotion during this section so that I could effectively portray the end of the Jewish races freedom through my movements. Section 4 – Bound Motif This section has the dancers focus mostly on the hands. There is a mixture of point and flexing of the feet as the hands are cupped. The dancers then contract and then lift up, back flexed and hands flat above head. Then the chest and stomach concaves as the dancers turn and then lift their leg. They then swoop the arms while bending to the right. The dancers then swing around to push out their cupped hands. They then turn again, still with the arms cupped and circle their head around while raising the cupped hands. The dancers then walk back into a cluster as this section conclude. I had difficulty alternating between flexing and pointing my feet and I had to practise this to be able to show the bound movements that are the constriction that the Jews are going through. Section 5 – Gas Chamber Scene This is the section where all of the dancers act/dance their death in the gas chambers. Our black dresses are taken off and the dancers are ‘naked’. Each of the dancers begins by raising their heads in unison as if to look at the ‘shower heads’ that release the gas. The expression is a mixture of hope and utter despair. The music then drops and the dancer’s shoulders hunch over and it is if they had been punched in the stomach. All the dancers then interact with one another as they slowly die. The last person dies as the violin ends, with a single lifted hand that comes shakily down as the dance ends. This death symbolises how the Jews dies as one group, their dignity stripped away and their race slandered. I had to practise this is a lot with another dancer and working together to try and project the death of our characters. This help to show the intention of how they still helped each other even as they were dying. When I performed I used weight bearing in the death scene as I hold one of the dancers who fall onto me. This is to show the support that the Jews are still giving one another. Throughout the different sections my focus varies from out at the audience, to my hands and then focusing on the different movements. This is to enhance the ideas of going from freedom to oppression. There are many relationships with the other dancers through interaction with the other dancers. This is particularly in the beginning section and in the death scene. I interact with two of the dancers at the beginning as I hug them and walk with them. In the death scene I hold one of the dancers and then with my ‘grandma’ we clasp hands and hold her. expression of emotion during this section so that I could effectively portray the end of the Jewish races freedom through my movements. Section 4 – Bound Motif This section has the dancers focus mostly on the hands. There is a mixture of point and flexing of the feet as the hands are cupped. The dancers then contract and then lift up, back flexed and hands flat above head. Then the chest and stomach concaves as the dancers turn and then lift their leg. They then swoop the arms while bending to the right. The dancers then swing around to push out their cupped hands. They then turn again, still with the arms cupped and circle their head around while raising the cupped hands. The dancers then walk back into a cluster as this section conclude. I had difficulty alternating between flexing and pointing my feet and I had to practise this to be able to show the bound movements that are the constriction that the Jews are going through. Section 5 – Gas Chamber Scene. This is the section where all of the dancers act/dance their death in the gas chambers. Our black dresses are taken off and the dancers are ‘naked’. Each of the dancers begins by raising their heads in unison as if to look at the ‘shower heads’ that release the gas. The expression is a mixture of hope and utter despair. The music then drops and the dancer’s shoulders hunch over and it is if they had been punched in the stomach. All the dancers then interact with one another as they slowly die. The last person dies as the violin ends, with a single lifted hand that comes shakily down as the dance ends. This death symbolises how the Jews dies as one group, their dignity stripped away and their race slandered. I had to practise this is a lot with another dancer and working together to try and project the death of our characters. This help to show the intention of how they still helped each other even as they were dying. When I performed I used weight bearing in the death scene as I hold one of the dancers who fall onto me. This is to show the support that the Jews are still giving one another. Throughout the different sections my focus varies from out at the audience, to my hands and then focusing on the different movements. This is to enhance the ideas of going from freedom to oppression. There are many relationships with the other dancers through interaction with the other dancers. This is particularly in the beginning section and in the death scene. I interact with two of the dancers at the beginning as I hug them and walk with them. In the death scene I hold one of the dancers and then with my ‘grandma’ we clasp hands and hold her. Activity Five Technique Contemporary ballet is a form of dance which incorporates elements of both classical ballet and modern dance. It takes its technique and use of Pointe work from classical ballet, although it permits a greater range of movement that may not adhere to the strict body lines of ballet technique. Many of its concepts come from the ideas and innovations of 20th century modern dance, including floor work, balletic movements and turn-in of the legs Most contemporary ballet focuses on the movement rather than a storyline, though this dance is an exception. Contemporary ballet does not focus on symmetry, and having a stage that is unbalanced is characteristic of the style. It focuses more on a physical interpretation of a theme. Contemporary ballet dancers curve, twist and bend their upper bodies, which is different to ballet, which is all about having perfect posture and control. This dance has a series of contemporary ballet based movement like contractions, curved backs, flexed feet and abstract movements Activity Five Technique Contemporary ballet is a form of dance which incorporates elements of both classical ballet and modern dance. It takes its technique and use of Pointe work from classical ballet, although it permits a greater range of movement that may not adhere to the strict body lines of ballet technique. Many of its concepts come from the ideas and innovations of 20th century modern dance, including floor work, balletic movements and turn-in of the legs Most contemporary ballet focuses on the movement rather than a storyline, though this dance is an exception. Contemporary ballet does not focus on symmetry, and having a stage that is unbalanced is characteristic of the style. It focuses more on a physical interpretation of a theme. Contemporary ballet dancers curve, twist and bend their upper bodies, which is different to ballet, which is all about having perfect posture and control. This dance has a series of contemporary ballet based movement like contractions, curved backs, flexed feet and abstract movements Two movements/moments that I found difficult: Moment/Movement one: I had to work quite a lot on my retire in the second section. I needed to make sure that my left arm is support and is strong in second position. I also to make sure that my left foot connects with my right leg on the side of my knee. I need to focus on my left hand as my right arm is circling around. In the performance, because I practised them, I performed this movement with clarity and confidence, whilst think of how I practised it. Moment/Movement 2: In the beginning I had to work on becoming my character, the teenage Jewish girl who is happy and free. Using Stanislavski techniques, I remembered a time when I was feeling happy and free, using my emotional memory to get into character before I begin dancing each practise. During the actual performance I got into character before entering the performance space, remember how I was happy and free from the practises prior to the performance. Breath My breath is used to show my emotion in the dance. In section one and two my breath comes easy and is free flowing like the movements. In section three it is sharp and restricted as the movements and isolations are causing this. In section four and five my breath is laboured and shaky as I am in pain and in despair. Two movements/moments that I found difficult: Moment/Movement one: I had to work quite a lot on my retire in the second section. I needed to make sure that my left arm is support and is strong in second position. I also to make sure that my left foot connects with my right leg on the side of my knee. I need to focus on my left hand as my right arm is circling around. In the performance, because I practised them, I performed this movement with clarity and confidence, whilst think of how I practised it. Moment/Movement 2: In the beginning I had to work on becoming my character, the teenage Jewish girl who is happy and free. Using Stanislavski techniques, I remembered a time when I was feeling happy and free, using my emotional memory to get into character before I begin dancing each practise. During the actual performance I got into character before entering the performance space, remember how I was happy and free from the practises prior to the performance. Breath My breath is used to show my emotion in the dance. In section one and two my breath comes easy and is free flowing like the movements. In section three it is sharp and restricted as the movements and isolations are causing this. In section four and five my breath is laboured and shaky as I am in pain and in despair.